Physical activity and physical fitness according to loneliness levels in adults 50+ / Caraterização da atividade física e aptidão física de acordo com os níveis de solidão em adultos 50+

Loneliness is a perception of dissatisfaction that seems to be the result of a lack of significant re-lationships, with multiple potential causal factors. The current body of research is not conclusive in relation to the link between loneliness and physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) in adults and seniors. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to characterize PA and PF according to levels of loneliness (Social Isolation versus Affinities). The 62 Portuguese individuals (64.68 ± 6.85 years; 68% women) were assessed for loneliness (University of California Los Angeles 16-item Loneliness Scale - UCLA-16). and classified in Social Isolation or Affinities, i.e., presence of significant social rela-tionships. PA was estimated using a questionnaire (International PA Questionnaire - Short Version - IPAQ-SV ) and PF was evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test (upper and lower body strength, upper and lower body flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, agility and dynamic balance). Descriptive statistics were used. The comparison between groups was performed using parametric (t-test, AN-COVA adjusted to sex and chi-square) and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney). The prevalence of social isolation was 53%. The individuals of the Affinities group spent more minutes per day on moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than the individuals of the Social Isolation group (0.00 [0.00 ­ 12.86] versus 11.43 [0.00 ­ 17.14] minutes, respectively; p = 0.041). After adjusting for sex, the differences were no longer significant. Loneliness groups were not different in relation to PF. PA appears to contribute to a better mental profile in adults and seniors. The results should be confirmed through studies with larger samples

A solidão é uma percepção de insatisfação que parece resultar da carência de relacionamentos significativos, sendo múltiplos os seus potenciais fatores causais. A atual evidência não é robusta no que diz respeito à associação da solidão com a atividade física (AF) e aptidão física (ApF) em adultos 50+. O objetivo deste estudo transversal é caracterizar a AF e ApF de acordo com a solidão. Os 62 indivíduos portugueses (64,68 ± 6,85 anos; 68% mulheres) foram avaliados para solidão (Escala de Solidão de 16 itens da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles - UCLA-16) e classificados como Isolamento Social ou Afinidades, i.e., presença de relações socias significativas. A AF foi estimada por questionário (Questionário Internacional de AF - Versão Curta - IPAQ-SV ) e a ApF medida pela bateria Senior Fitness Test (força de membros superiores e inferiores, flexibilidade de membros superiores e membros inferiores, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas. A comparação entre grupos foi realizada através de testes paramétricos (teste-t, ANCOVA ajustada ao sexo e qui-quadrado) e não paramétricos (Mann-Whitney). A prevalência de isolamento social foi de 53%. O grupo Afinidades apresentou mais AF moderada a vigorosa comparativamente ao grupo Isolamento Social (11,43 [0,00 ­ 17,14] vs (0,00 [0,00 ­ 12,86], respetivamente; p = 0,041). Após ajuste para o sexo, as diferenças deixaram de ser significativas. Os grupos de solidão não foram diferentes relativamente à ApF. A AF parece contribuir para um melhor perfil mental de adultos e idosos, contudo, os resultados devem ser confirmados em estudos com amostras maiores

Cambio de conducta activa de participantes del Programa Vida Sana / Active behaviour change of Vida Sana Program participants

RESUMEN. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la modificación de la conducta de los participantes del Programa Vida Sana, dirigido por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL) en relación a cuatro aspectos asociados al nivel de Actividad Física. Participaron 43 mujeres (entre 15 a 59 años) que ingresaron al programa que se realiza en un Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) de la comuna de Chiguayante. Para el desarrollo del estudio se aplicó el Cuestionario Internacional del Actividad Física (IPAQ) en un pre y post test. El Grupo fue divido en cuatro subgrupos por rango etarios: Adolescentes 14 a 19 años, Jóvenes 20 a 29 años, Adulto-Joven 30 a 39 años y Adultos sobre 40 años. En base a los resultados obtenidos, estos arrojan un aumento significativo de los METS en los diferentes Dominios estudiados de cada categoría. Es decir, la conducta de los participantes, comparándolo con el pre y post test, manifestó un cambio conductual positivo en ellos al finalizar el programa.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study is to analyze behavior modification of the Healthy Life Program participants, implemented by the Ministry of Health of Chile (MINSAL) related to four aspects associated with Physical Activity. Forty-three women participated (between 15 and 59 years old) who entered the program held in Family Health Center in Chiguayante County.To develop the study, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied in a pre and post-test. The Group was divided into four subgroups by age range: Adolescents 14 to 19 years, Youth 20 to 29 years, Adult-Youth 30 to 39 years, and Adults over 40 years. Based on the results obtained, these show a significant increase in METS in the different domains studied for each category. In other words, the participants' behavior, compared with the pre and post-test, showed a positive behavioral change.

Validación de dos cuestionarios para evaluar el nivel de actividad física y el tiempo sedentario en una comunidad universitaria de Colombia / Validation of two questionnaires to assess the level of physical activity and sedentary time in a Colombian university community / Validação de dois questionários para avaliar o nível de atividade física e o tempo sedentário em uma comunidade universitária da Colômbia

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la validez concurrente y la confiabilidad test-retest del Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) y el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, versión corta) en una comunidad universitaria. Metodología: Un total de 76 personas de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín (Colombia), con edades entre 18 y 44 años, portaron un acelerómetro (ActiGraph GT3X+) durante siete días y posteriormente diligenciaron los dos cuestionarios; estos se repitieron una semana después. La validez y la confiabilidad para evaluar el gasto energético (GE) y el tiempo sedentario (TS) se determinó con el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI); la concordancia para clasificar el nivel de actividad física (NAF) se evaluó con el índice de Kappa ponderado (IKp). Resultados: Para medir el GE, el IPAQ mostró una validez "moderada" (CCI=0,434, IC95%=0,231-0,600; p<0,001) y el GPAQ "pobre" (CCI= 0,335, IC95%=0,123-0,519; p<0,001); para el TS, la validez de ambos cuestionarios fue "pobre" (IPAQ: CCI=0,234, IC95%=0,011-0,435, p<0,020; GPAQ: CCI=0,231, IC95%=0,009-0,432, p<0,021). Para clasificar el NAF (bajo, moderado o alto), ambos cuestionarios mostraron concordancias "bajas" (IPAQ: IKp=0,298, p=0,001; GPAQ: IKp=0,137, p=0,119). La confiabilidad del GPAQ para evaluar el GE fue "buena/excelente" (CCI=0,838; IC95%=0,754-0,895; p<0,001) y del IPAQ fue "moderada" (CCI=0,655; IC95%=0,505-0,766; p<0,001). La confiabilidad para el TS fue "moderada" en ambos instrumentos (IPAQ: CCI=0,716; IC95%=0,583-0,811; p<0,001; GPAQ: CCI=0,736; IC95%=0,613-0,824; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Los cuestionarios mostraron poca validez para la medición del NAF y del TS. Sin embargo, ambos instrumentos presentaron una buena confiabilidad para la medición de las variables estudiadas. No se recomienda el uso de los cuestionarios para la población estudiada.

Abstract Objective: Evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, short version) in a university community. Methodology: A total of 76 people from the University of Antioquia, Medellín (Colombia), aged between 18 and 44, carried an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X +) for seven days and subsequently filled out the two questionnaires; these were repeated a week later. The validity and reliability for assessing energy expenditure (EE) and sedentary time (ST) was determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); concordance to classify the physical activity level (PAL) was evaluated with the weighted Kappa index (wKI). Results: To measure the EE , IPAQ showed a "moderate" validity (ICC = 0.434, CI 95% = 0.231-0.600; p <0.001) and the "poor" QPAQ (ICC = 0.335, CI 95% = 0.123-0.519; p <0.001); for ST , the validity of both questionnaires was "poor" (IPAQ : ICC = 0.234, CI 95% = 0.011-0.435, p <0.020; GPAQ: ICC = 0.231, CI 95% = 0.009-0.432, p <0.021). To classify the PAL (low, moderate or high), both questionnaires showed "low" concordance (IPAQ: wKI = 0.298, p = 0.001; GQAP: wKI = 0.137, p = 0.119). The reliability of the GPAQ for assessing EE was "good/excellent" (ICC = 0.838; CI 95% = 0.754-0.895; p <0.001) and the IPAQ was "moderate" (ICC = 0.655; IC 95% = 0.505-0.766 ; p <0.001). The reliability for ST was "moderate" in both instruments (IPAQ: ICC = 0.716; CI 95% = 0.583-0.811; p <0.001; GPAQ: ICC = 0.736; CI 95% = 0.613-0.824; p <0.001). Conclusions: The questionnaires showed little validity for measuring PAL and ST . However, both instruments presented good reliability for measuring the variables studied. The use of questionnaires for the population studied is not recommended.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a validade concorrente e a confiabilidade teste-reteste do Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) e do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, versão curta) em uma comunidade universitária. Metodologia: 76 pessoas da Universidade de Antioquia, Medellín (Colômbia), com idades entre 18 e 44 anos, carregaram um acelerômetro (ActiGraph GT3X +) por sete dias e, posteriormente, preencheram os dois questionários, que foram repetidos uma semana depois. A validade e a confiabilidade para avaliar o gasto de energia (GE) e o tempo sedentário (TS) foram determinadas com o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI); a concordância para classificar o nível de atividade física (NAF) foi avaliada com o índice Kappa ponderado (IKp). Resultados: Para medir o GE, o IPAQ mostrou uma validade "moderada" (CCI=0,434, IC95%=0,231-0,600; p<0,001) e o GPAQ "pobre" (CCI= 0,335, IC95%=0,123-0,519; p<0,001); para o TS, a validade de ambos os questionários foi "pobre" (IPAQ: CCI=0,234, IC95%=0,011-0,435, p<0,020; GPAQ: CCI=0,231, IC95%=0,009-0,432, p<0,021). Para classificar o NAF (baixo, moderado ou alto), ambos os questionários mostraram concordâncias "baixas" (IPAQ: IKp=0,298, p=0,001; GPAQ: IKp=0,137, p=0,119). A confiabilidade do GPAQ para avaliar o GE foi "boa/excelente" (CCI=0,838; IC95%=0,754-0,895; p<0,001) e do IPAQ foi "moderada" (CCI=0,655; IC95%=0,505-0,766; p<0,001). A confiabilidade para o TS foi "moderada" em ambos os instrumentos (IPAQ: CCI=0,716; IC95%=0,583-0,811; p<0,001; GPAQ: CCI=0,736; IC95%=0,613-0,824; p<0,001). Conclusões: Os questionários mostraram pouca validade para a medição do NAF e do TS. No entanto, ambos os instrumentos apresentaram boa confiabilidade para a mensuração das variáveis estudadas. O uso de questionários para a população estudada não é recomendado.

Physical activity patterns of college students of the University of Santo Tomas

OBJECTIVES@#This study examined the physical activity patterns of the University of Santo Tomas college students in Manila, Philippines in terms of participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity, frequency and duration of participation, METS-min/week, sitting habits and walking activities.@*METHODS@#A total of 551 males and 850 female college students (N=1401) from the University of Santo Tomas were randomly selected for the study. After anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI and Waist circumference) were taken, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form) was answered by the students.@*RESULTS@#A greater percentage of male college students engage in vigorous physical activity (66.97%) in terms of frequency per week (2.42 + 1.56 days), duration (119.52 + 70.70 minutes) and MET-min/week (2252.77 + 2789.81 METS). On the other hand, more female college students engage in moderate physical activity in terms of frequency per week (4.69 + 2.04 days). However, male college students who engage in moderate physical activity spend a longer duration (106.02 + 108.55 minutes) and higher METmin/week (1945.59 + 2721.02 METS) than their female counterpart.@*CONCLUSION@#It is important to engage in physical activity on a daily basis, with recommendations given by the American Heart Association and the World Health Organization. Appropriate physical activity assists young people to develop healthy musculoskeletal tissues, cardiovascular system, neuromuscular awareness and maintain a healthy body weight and composition. It has also been associated with psychological benefits in young people by improving control over anxiety and depression, good selfperception and expression, as well as avoidance of tobacco, alcohol and drug use.

Physical Activity Among Family Medicine Trainees in Makkah Almukarramah City, Saudi Arabia

Background: It is recognized that the health of physiciansdirectly impacts the health of the larger population, asnumerous studies have established a link between the healthbehaviors of physicians and their interactions with patients.Objectives: To assess physical activity practice among thefamily medicine trainees in Makkah AlMukarramah and itsassociation with various socio-demographic as well as toidentify the main barriers of being physically active from theparticipants’ prospective.Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented includedall family medicine trainees in Makkah AlMukarramah. Selfadministered questionnaire was used for data collection. Itconsisted of three parts: The first part contains questions aboutsocio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Thesecond part inquired about participants` physical activity. Theshort form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ) that provide common instrument to estimate the level ofphysical activity has been utilized in this regard. The third partof the questionnaire inquires about barriers for being physicallyactive (12 items) as well as reasons for being physically active(7 items).Results: The study included 60 family medicine trainees with aresponse rate of 98.4%. Their age ranged between 25 and 35years with a mean of 28.17 years and standard deviation of2.38 years. More than half of them (55%) were females. Mostof them (71.7%) were married. All were Saudis. According tothe he short form of the International Physical ActivityQuestionnaire (IPAQ), almost half (48.3%) of family medicinetrainees had low level of physical activity whereas 40% hadmoderate level of physical activity. Only 11.7% of themreported high level of physical activity. Regarding durationof sitting (minutes/day), slightly less than half of the familymedicine trainees (48.3%) reported sitting period more than360 minutes/day. High level of physical activity was reportedamong 14.8% of male family medicine trainees compared to9.1% of females. In addition, moderate level of physicalactivity was higher reported among males than females (59.3%versus 24.2%). This difference was statistically significant,p=0.007. Lack of time to exercise because of academic andwork responsibilities, less suitable places to exerciseparticularly, no exercise facilities at home and having otherrecreational activities to do with friends were the commonestreported barriers for being physically active.Conclusions: Almost half of family medicine trainees inMakkah had low level of physical activity. Males had significanthigher level of physical activity than females. Overcoming thebarriers together with consideration of family medicine trainees’suggestions may contribute to a further increase in the level ofphysical activity among them.

Evaluation of functional capacity and level of physical activity in adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis / Avaliação da capacidade funcional e do nível de atividade física em pacientes adolescentes e adultos com fibrose cística

The objective of the present study was to compare the functional capacity and level of physical activity between adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy individuals. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to evaluate functional capacity and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - long version) was applied to assess physical activity level. This study included 31 patients with CF (11 males and 20 females) and 31 healthy individuals. Patients with CF had significantly lower values of body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function parameters, physical activity level, six-minute walking distance (6MWD) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Comparing patients using a cut-off point of 500m, there were no significant differences in the classification of physical activity level assessed by the IPAQ questionnaire. Among patients with CF who walked less than 500m, there were significantly lower values of peak expiratory flow (PEF), PEF (%), SpO2 after 6MWT and distance walked in the 6MWD. It could be concluded that patients with CF practice physical activity at lower levels than healthy individuals, when compared by the IPAQ questionnaire.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a capacidade funcional e o nível de atividade física de pacientes adolescentes e adultos com fibrose cística (FC) e indivíduos sadios. Para a avaliação da capacidade funcional foi utilizado o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M) e para a verificação do nível de atividade física, foi utilizado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ ­ versão longa). Participaram do estudo 31 indivíduos com FC (11 do sexo masculino e 20 do sexo feminino) e 31 indivíduos sadios. Os pacientes com FC apresentaram valores significativamente mais baixos de índice de massa corporal (IMC), parâmetros de função pulmonar, nível de atividade física, distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2). Comparando os pacientes através ponto de corte 500m, não houve diferenças significativas na classificação do nível de atividade física avaliada pelo questionário. Nos pacientes com FC que caminharam abaixo de 500m, observaram-se valores significativamente menores de pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), PFE(%), SpO2 após TC6M e distância percorrida no teste de TC6M (DTC6M). Podemos concluir com este estudo que indivíduos com FC praticam atividade física com intensidades mais baixas que indivíduos sadios quando comparados pelo IPAQ.

Asociación entre actividad física y estrés psicológico percibido en adultos de Bucaramanga / Association between Physical Activity and Perceived Psychological Stress in Adults in Bucaramanga / Associação entre atividade física e estresse psicológico percebida em adultos de Bucaramanga

Introducción: El aumento de los niveles de estrés se convirtió en un problema para la salud de la población en general. Diferentes estudios demuestran que la realización de actividad física de manera regular disminuye la percepción de estrés psicológico en el individuo. Se sugiere que la relación entre actividad física y estrés psicológico percibido varía entre los dominios de la actividad física realizada y los diferentes grupos poblacionales. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre actividad física y estrés psicológico percibido en adultos residentes en barrios de estratos socioeconómicos 2 y 3 de Bucaramanga. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal en una población de 502 adultos residentes en la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Los participantes fueron entrevistados para obtener información acerca de la actividad física realizada y el nivel de estrés psicológico percibido. Además, se incluyeron en el estudio variables sociodemográficas y patrones de comportamiento. La información fue analizada mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado empleando modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y usando el programa STATA® 11.0. Resultados: Se determinó una asociación entre el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el puntaje de estrés psicológico percibido en los participantes (β = -1,90 IC 95 % -3,73 a -0,06; P = 0,043). Conclusiones: Cumplir con las recomendaciones de actividad física, se asoció con una disminución en el nivel de estrés psicológico en los participantes, quienes presentaron en promedio -1,9 puntos menos en el puntaje del PSS, que quienes no las cumplen.

Introduction: Increased stress levels became a problem for the general population's health. Research studies show that individuals engaging regular physical activity have a decreased perception of psychological stress. The relationship between physical activity and perceived psychological stress has been suggested to vary across domains of physical activity and across population groups. Objective: To establish the association between physical activity and perceived psychological stress in adults living in neighborhoods of the 2nd and 3rd socio-economic strata of Bucaramanga. Materials and methods: This observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 502 adult residents in the city of Bucaramanga. Individuals were interviewed to obtain information about physical activity and their level of perceived psychological stress. Data analysis will account for socio-demographic and behavior patterns using linear regression models, and it was performed in STATA® 11.0. Results: Meeting the physical activity recommendations was associated with a decrease in psychological stress levels in study participants (β = -1,90 IC 95 % -3,73 a -0,06; P = 0,043). Conclusions: Complying with the recommendations of physical activity was associated with a decrease in the psychological stress level in the participants, who had an average -1.9 points lower PSS score than those who do not comply.

Introdução: o aumento dos níveis de stress converteu-se em um problema para a saúde da população em geral. Diferentes estudos demonstrm que a realização de atividade física de maneira regular diminui a percepção de stress psicológico no indivíduo. Sugerese que a relação entre atividade física e stress psicológico percebido varia entre os domínios da atividade física realizada e os diferentes grupos populacionais. Objetivo: Estabelecer a associação entre atividade física e stress psicológico percebido em adultos residentes em bairros de estratos socioeconómicos 2 e 3 de Bucaramanga. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se um estudo observacional analítico de corte transversal, em uma população de 502 adultos residentes na cidade de Bucaramanga. Os participantes foram entrevistados para obter informações acerca da atividade física realizada e o nível de stress psicológico percebido. Além disso, incluíram-se no estudo variáveis sócio-demográficas e patrões de comportamento. A informação foi analisada mediante análise bivariada e multivariada empregando modelos de regressão lineal múltipla e, usando o programa STATA® 11.0. Resultados: se determinou uma associação entre o cumprimento das recomendações de atividade física da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e a pontuação de stress psicológico percebido nos participantes (β = -1,90 IC 95 % -3,73 a -0,06; P = 0,043). Conclusões: cumprir com as recomendações de atividade física, associou-se com uma diminuição no nível de stress psicológico nos participantes, quem apresentaram -1,9 pontos menos em média na pontuação do PSS, que quem não as cumprem.

Chinese guidelines for data processing and analysis concerning the International Physical Activity Questionnaire / 中华流行病学杂志

To introduce standard methods of scoring the data derived from both short and long form instruments of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).The introduction part consists of a set of domains which include the structure of questionnaire,principles of data cleaning,calculation methods and grouping rules.Through practical experience,a specific calculation process of IPAQ-long based on the standard methods was showed.

The psychometric evaluation of international physical activity questionnaire for patients with hypertension / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To test the reliability and validity of international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) in patients with hypertension.Methods It used international physical activity questionnaire and PA diary to evaluate the physical activity of patients with hypertension.Results The two re-test coefficients of IPAQ were related in hypertensive patients with different blood pressure level and physical activity.The energy consuming of different level of physical activity and total physical activity was correlated to each dimension of IPAQ.The first Spearman coefficient was 0.27～0.61,0.28～0.58 for the second time.Conclusions IPAQ had better reliability and validity,and could be used in hypertensive patients.

Effect of physical activity strength on the diabetes mellitus prevalence in the elderly under the in fleuce of International Physical Activity Questionnaire / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To examine the impact of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) physical activity intensity on to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Chinese elderly. Methods A total number of 1996 residents aged 50 or above living in Guangzhou city were recruited from the phase 3 of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Information on physical activity and fasting plasma glucose status was derived from standardized interviews and laboratory assays. Results Among the participants who were classified as physically active (60.0%), moderate active (29.8%) and inactive (10.2%), the prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus were 9.1%, 12.0%and 14.2%,respectively. After adjustment on age, sex, obesity and other potential confounding factors, data from logistic regression model showed that the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes on subjects in physically moderate active and active group were 0.75 (0.46-1.26)and 0.60 (0.38-0.97) respectively with P for trend as 0.03, when comparing to those physically inactive ones. Conclusion Promotion of physical activity might have had some effects in reducing the risk of diabetes mellitus among the older adults.